Incendios Forestales
¿Sabías que cuidar los bosques es cuidar de nosotros mismos?
Los bosques son el lugar donde viven muchas plantas y animales. También nos permiten conectarnos y disfrutar de la naturaleza, nos brindan oxígeno, purifican el agua, enriquecen el suelo y regulan el clima. De los árboles se extraen productos necesarios para las personas, como madera para hacer casas, muebles, lápices y papel.
¿Qué pasa cuando se queman los bosques?
- Desaparecen los árboles y la biodiversidad de flora y fauna.
- Se pierde el suelo por erosión.
- Se hace daño a la naturaleza y a nosotros mismos.
¿Qué es un Incendio Forestal?
Se llama incendio forestal al fuego que se propaga sin control, especialmente en zonas rurales, afectando la vegetación como árboles, matorrales, pastos y cultivos.
¿Por qué se producen los incendios forestales?
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Por causas naturales como la caída de rayos o erupciones volcánicas.
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Porque hace más calor de lo habitual.
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Debido a la falta de lluvias la vegetación se seca y el fuego se propaga fácilmente.
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Por la presencia de vientos fuertes que hacen el fuego se extienda rápidamente.
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Porque concurren tres elementos químicos: oxigeno, calor y combustible.
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La mayoría ocurre por descuido del hombre. Por ejemplo, puede provocar un incendio:
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Cuando se lanza una colilla de cigarrillo encendida sobre la vegetación.
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Cuando no se apaga completamente una fogata.
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Cuando se dejan en el bosque objetos de vidrio, que es un elemento refractario, es decir, con el calor y en contacto con la vegetación seca produce fuego.
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Cuando se escapa el fuego de las quemas agrícolas que realizan los campesinos para preparar el suelo para los cultivos.
Muchos incendios son provocados por personas irresponsables que juegan con fuego sin medir el daño que causan a la naturaleza.
¡Cuidado con el fuego en el bosque!
Un incendio puede salirse de control y extenderse muy fácilmente por grandes aéreas. Por ejemplo, una pequeña fogata, sin la vigilancia apropiada, puede convertirse en un incendio.
Nunca se debe jugar con fuego. Un solo palillo de fósforo es suficiente para incendiar un bosque!
No olvides que el bosque requiere de cientos de años para formarse y pocos minutos para destruirse con un incendio.
¿Una persona puede apagar un incendio?
Si el incendio es pequeño, pueden apagarlo con agua o tierra, lanzándolos a la base de las llamas y eliminando en lo posible la vegetación de los alrededores para que no se extienda.
Si el fuego está extendido, no te arriesgues porque es peligroso. Tu colaboración será importante llamando al número único para emergencias 9-1-1.
Para los Niños:
Si las condiciones son propicias y los adultos que están contigo deciden hacer una fogata, escoge un lugar abierto, lejos de árboles, hojas y ramas secas. Limpia el terreno 3 metros a la redonda del lugar donde planeas hacer la fogata.
Pide al adulto que apague bien los fósforos y las colillas de cigarrillos.
Antes de regresar a casa, recoge las botellas u otros objetos de vidrio, por su efecto refractario, con el calor se calientan y pueden producir fuego en contacto con materiales combustibles como: ramas secas, troncos, entre otros.
Es importante dejar completamente apagadas las fogatas, usa agua y tierra.
Si el humo es denso, en caso de un incendio y se te dificulta la respiración:
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Aléjate rápidamente del área afectada.
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Cubre tu boca con un pañuelo seco.
¿Qué puedes hacer para protegerte tú y quienes están contigo de un incendio forestal?
Si un incendio se acerca:
• Mantén la calma.
• Aléjate del fuego.
• Pide que te permitan refugiarte en una casa para protegerte de las llamas
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